he diamonds found in the Tibagi River Basin originated in volcanic activity occurring before the separation of Gondwana. Formed in Earth’s interior, they were pushed to the surface by rising magma. The glaciars had transported the diamonds long distances. Attrition of rocks promoted the concentration of diamonds in the aluvial environment.They are found in the middle of gravel and sand, forced down by moving water and gravity. Gold is associated with most occurences of diamonds in the region. Studies have demonstrated that the diamonds of Southern Brazil are compatible with those found in Southern Africa, which proves their primary source. Their secondary sources are Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of glacial origin.While the diamonds of Tibagi and its affluents are mostly small, they are considered to be of the highest gemological quality.